APPLIED MATHEMATICS

Mathematical structure for computational engineering.

Notes on analysis, integration, function spaces, approximation, and the ideas that make numerical and geometric systems understandable.

CURATED SERIES

The Lebesgue–Stieltjes Integral

A rigorous chapter-by-chapter study of Carter and van Brunt: from the completeness of the real line to measure construction, convergence theorems, Lp spaces, Hilbert geometry, and gauge integration.

10 chapters
  1. 01 Real Numbers
  2. 02 Analytic Preliminaries
  3. 03 The Riemann Integral
  4. 04 The Lebesgue–Stieltjes Integral
  5. 05 Core Properties and Convergence
  6. 06 Integral Calculus
  7. 07 Product Measures and Repeated Integrals
  8. 08 Lebesgue Spaces Lᵖ
  9. 09 Hilbert Spaces and L²
  10. 10 Beyond Lebesgue Integration

EDITORIAL STANDARD

Definitions, hypotheses, derivations, and failure cases.

01

Precise conventions

Every article fixes its measure, interval convention, function space, and convergence mode before using a theorem.

02

Qualified theorems

Results state the necessary measurability, integrability, monotonicity, continuity, and finiteness hypotheses.

03

Counterexamples

Boundary cases show exactly where an interchange of limits, integrals, or summation order ceases to be valid.

04

Computational meaning

Each chapter connects the analytical result to approximation, geometry processing, numerical integration, or simulation.

ENGINEERING CONNECTION

Why this mathematics matters.

01

Approximation

Projection, bases, norms, and convergence clarify what an algorithm preserves and how error should be measured.

02

Numerical methods

Integration and function spaces give finite computations a rigorous relationship to continuous problems.

03

Geometry processing

Continuity, parameterization, measure, and transformations shape reliable geometric representations.

04

Simulation

Hilbert-space geometry and variational ideas underlie least squares, spectral methods, and many engineering solvers.

PRIMARY REFERENCES

Sources used to verify notation and results.